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Sports Lighting
For the purpose of considering the essential element of
good artificial lighting, Sports Activiies can be grouped as follows :
1. Non - Competitive including physical training.
2. Junior and low grade club competitions
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3. High grade national club and international competitions.
4. TV and film coverage.
The following lighting criteria need to be considered while designing the system :
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Illuminance :
As the illuminated field forms a major part of the field of view of both the players and spectators, it is the illuminance on this horizontal plane at ground level, commonly called horizontal illuminance(Eh), that chiefly serves to establish the adaptation state of the eye.
Because of this, and because the illuminated field serves for the players, spectators and cameras as a visual background, an adequate horizontal illuminance on the pitch is important. To ensure safety of movement for the spectators when entering and leaving the stands or surrounds , adequate horizontal illuminance in these areas is also required.
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Vertical Illuminance :
Illuminance on a vertical plane, commonly called vertical Illuminance (Ev), is essential for
viewing vertical objects. The side of a player that can be seen by any observer can be
approximated by a vertical plane at right angles to the observer's line of view.
The scene illuminance, and more particularly the vertical illuminance, has a major
influence on the quality of the final televison picture.
To gurantee a satisactory identification of players from all directions,
specified illuminance on a minimum of four mutually perpendicular vertical
planes are required. Good illuminance uniformity in both the horizontal and
vertical planes is important in order to avoid, on the one hand, adaptation
problems for the players and spectators, and on the other hand, adjustment problems
for cameras, for different directions of view. If the uniformity is not good enough,
there is a certain risk (especially with TV cameras) that the ball or a player will
not be clearly seen at certain positions on the field. To obtain a good visual condition
between the players and the background, there should be (especially for cameras) a
specified relation between the horizontal and vertical illuminance.
Glare:
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Glare has a disturbing effect on the visual comfort and
disability glare can be minimized by playing careful attention to
the string aiming and selection of
floodlights
relative to the main directions of view.
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